a)in the begining of the word:

b)in the middle of the word:

• After a connector
  
• After a non-connector
  

c)at the end of the word:

• After a connector
  
• After a non-connector
  

  The following example shows the contrast (the difference) between the consonants and :

3) case of :

a)in the begining of the word:

b)in the middle of the word:

• After a connector
  
• After a non-connector
  

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4) case of :

a)in the begining of the word:

b)in the middle of the word:

• After a connector
  
• After a non-connector
  

c)at the end of the word:

• After a connector
  
• After a non-connector
  

The following example shows the contrast (the difference) between the consonants and :

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Few things before we end this lesson :

1-tanween:

It is a marker on top of the last letter of a noun to indicate that it is indefinite:
so means "a boy" and means "the boy".

depending on the position of the word tanween can take one of these forms:

examples:

 

2-Alif maqsurah:

At the end of the word the long vowel aa sometimes is written like this the is called "alif maqsura"

examples:

let's "compare alif maqsura" to the long vowqel ii:

Note in the long vowel ii the vowel of the letter preceding is , but in the case of the long vowel aa the vowel of the letter preceding is .

3-Ta marbuta:

When "t" is at the end of the word it can be written like this and it is called "ta marbuta" that means "closed t".

Ta marbuta is written in two forms:

Initial	Medial		Final
	After non-connecter	After connector	After non-connecter	After connector